Have we entered a period of passive resegregation?
Published: October 19, 2009
Is the American educational system becoming increasingly segregated by passive social forces?
A recent conference in Richmond about Massive Resistance brought this question to mind as it explored a time in Virginia history when many public schools were closed in reaction to the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision that ended legal segregation.
Today, it is difficult to imagine communities and parents allowing their children to be denied schooling because of an imagined threat of bringing people together.
At the conference, people who had lived through the personal struggles and collective hardships of the time period shared their thoughts and stories. Panelists spoke of the discrimination from teachers and peers, or -- worse still -- the social isolation that they experienced during those formative years.
I grew up in a country in South America where racial tensions negatively affect public and private life, but there is little top-down pressure to actively address the divide. The difference in approach lies in our respective histories and social hierarchies.
I can only hope that one day my country can follow the American example by encouraging personal successes for all citizens and recognizing that these greatly add to the prosperity of the nation as a whole.
I walked away from the conference trying to come to terms with how recent school closings in this country had been. When schools reopened, African-American communities, parents and students showed tremendous courage by choosing to attend schools where they were often the only members of their race.
It is hard to imagine being in that situation, but it is undeniable that incredible patience and long-term vision were essential to stick with the decision of remaining part of the solution despite the palpable tension faced day after day.
I am now a recruiter at the University of Virginia. I travel to high schools across the state in search of academic talent. We seek to bring together people of various backgrounds -- racial, geographic, socioeconomic and otherwise -- because we are conscious that any classroom subject is enhanced when you can dissect the material from various angles. A diversity of perspectives is powerful when it comes together in a classroom to enrich dialogue and intellectual exchange.
Unfortunately, what I often see in my recruitment travel is that public high schools still seem segregated. Even in communities that have diverse populations, many high schools that I visit are predominantly of one race or another.
Some of these schools were at one time "integrated," but over time, families moved away or began to send their children to non-public schools. Even schools in which multiple racial communities remain well-represented appear to experience segregation in their facilities.
Courses at the Advanced Placementor International Baccalaureate-level seem to be mainly composed of white students from middleor upper-class homes. Scholars point to suburbanization, income differences, levels of parental involvement and the effectiveness of public school guidance offices overburdened with caseloads and administrative duties as reasons. Other theories abound, but the question is this: Do my personal observations signal a period of passive resegregation?
I left the conference that Friday afternoon feeling tremendous respect and awe for the people who fought for an integrated school system. Policy -- together with the determination and sacrifices of average citizens -- made possible an integrated environment where a foreign student like me could learn alongside students from all backgrounds -- something which greatly enriched my understanding of the world in which I live.
Moving forward, we must act consciously to prevent the fading of the legacy of this difficult period in American history by encouraging and supporting students of all races and socioeconomic backgrounds to build on their intellectual curiosity and achieve academic success.
Julie Roa is an admission counselor at the University of Virginia.
Reader Reactions
Social classes and segregation is not the issue with our school systems.
What it really boils down to is “where can my child get the best education” and “can i afford to drive a little further to work”.
There are brilliant kids attending Richmond schools that fail to provide a “learning” environment for them. Families recognize that fact. the culture that surrounds many Richmond schools is also struggling.
It is a WELL known fact that, per child, Richmond spends MORE money than any surrounding county, yet they continue to fail their students.
Where does this money go? to the students? NO, to the administrative staff. Teachers in Richmond do not make any more than other counties, the administrative staff of Richmond schools makes more though!
Even though I thought Wilder was a little off his rocker, he was barking up the right tree with the school board.
It’s hard to look at a Richmond school and feel that your child will be safe. Look at the school systems through Henrico, Hanover, Chester, even Petersburg! Green grass, fields of well maintained play grounds, central air conditioning even!
Now look at a Richmond city school… Beautiful but old building, very little aesthetic appeal, window ac units in every room, they just look run down.
If everyone in the city had a choice and had the financial ability, it is my opinion that the majority would move their families to a location outside of the city’s domain.
my children will never attend a Richmond public school. I will live off of beans and rice and stale bread before i would let them set foot in them.
writerk: We’re on the same page regarding funding,facilities and resources. I did not mean to imply that pre-integration was ‘shangri-la’. Something had to be done, but I submit that the baby got thrown out with the bathwater. I recall ‘freedom of choice’ was 1st attempted to address inequalities. Students of any race could choose the school they wished to attend. Naturally, both of most races chose the school they were already going to. That wouldn’t do because the bean counters and world-savers wanted to swat a gnat with a sledge hammer, so we got what we have - dysfunction. I teach in a rural school and integration went well here. Heck, everyone already knew each other and they were in the same community, so integration went more smoothly, but in larger systems it was a mess. If there is a point I am driving at it is that localities should have been allowed more latitude in how to address legitimate issues rather than being dictated to by people who were not accountable for what they created.
writerk—thank you for a logical, reasoned answer. It would be all to easy for someone to disregard my questions as racist and just start shooting off…
You state that in the 50s and 60s it was a matter of inequality. I can certainly believe that based on what I have read of history. Do you feel that is the case today??? Say there is a predominantly white and predominantly black high school in the same county… a reasonable assumption. Does the predominantly black high school have different textbooks than the predominantly white high school?
I feel that the author of the column is trying to convey the fact that after the forced integration of public schools, people have once again self segregated by moving into segregated neighborhoods, thus creating “passively resegregated” schools. I am simply asking is this such a terrible thing??? Can we be honest and say that a predominantly white suburban school, is different than a predominantly black urban school, is different than a predominantly white rural school, is different than a culturally diverse city/suburban/rural school?? One would think the goals should be the same for each school, but the culture or experiences may be different. If you believe that the experiences may be different, should someone then have the right to choose which school experience would be best for their children, based on their own experiences??? It seems that with a lot of these discussions, the end result is that we want to take the “culture” out of the word culture. Maybe I am wrong or out of line, but I was raised with a certain set of values, customs, and beliefs that I would like to pass on to my children. Truth be told, there are not a lot of public schools today where I would feel that my set of values are being instilled at school, but certainly I can say that some would be more inclined to than others. I will never have the money to send my children to private school, so I have to do my homework and make sure that the public school my kids would attend would be the best fit. I feel somehow that should be my choice, and not someone else’s…
I have to agree with Ms. Roa’s opinions. I didn’t live through the intergration of public schools, but my parents experienced it. My mother attended segregated, all-black schools in South Carolina in the 50s and 60s. Although she was a part of an active and closely-connected community, her schools were poorly funded. She remembers how she wasn’t always given the textbooks she needed, and many of them were terribly outdated (for instance, one of her high school science textbooks said there were eight planets instead of nine). When she attended the mostly-white University of South Carolina, she experienced a kind of culture shock. After growing up in an insulated black community, she experienced a difficult adjustment period. So while I can understand the comments Dave made about black students be “torn away from communities and loyalties” and how some blacks resented intergration, I do not believe segregation was ever a good thing. Seperate was rarely equal, and just because we don’t like something doesn’t mean it’s best for us. The fact is, a segragated school system, where students were entrenched in the black community, didn’t and currently does not mimic the real world experiences many of those black students encounter, especially if they want a larger choice of colleges and graduate schools. Also, to address Dave’s point, integration was never meant to be a panacea. It was simply attended to address one factor that kept blacks behind.
Regarding the comments made by Va_78, I think we are past a point where it is possible to live a day-to-day life in one’s own culture, whether we are comfortable with it or not (assuming one defines “culture” by a somewhat narrow racial, geographical, socioeconomic, or religious schema). The world is too small, and more than likely, most of us have to interact with others who are very different.
I would like to aks an honest question here… Can we admit the fact that we have within our country, many different cultures. Can “black america” and “white america” be ??? I know asking a question like that will offend many people, but I am being as honest as possible, by saying “black america” are we not distinguishing it from “white america”, and vice versa.
Now with that being said, there are many people that strive for cultural diversity within their lives. There are also people who are simply more comfortable within their own culture. That is not to say that they feel they are superior in any way shape or form.
Now why do people who strive for diversity within their lives try and impose that belief on everyone else??? Is it possible to respect diversity and differing opinions, but at the end of the day just be more comfortable living day to day within your culture??? I know it this is a slippery slope, but I would love to hear from someone who does feel that makes a person racist…
Short answer, yes. Is it racially motivated? Yes. Is it justified? Yes. Beginning in the 60’s it was decided to make schools laboratories for social engineering. The notion was established that plopping a black student down next to a white student would cause the black student to perform better. Instead, statistics show black students performing the same or worse. Proximity to white people was not the answer. Black schools like Maggie Walker and Armstrong with strong cultural and social traditions had those traditions destroyed. I know. I lived through it. It wasn’t just white people that resented integration. Many young blacks did too, because in order to make politicians and activists feel good about themselves, young black students became pawns in busing and integration initiatives. They were torn away from communities and loyalties. As the schools went, so did the black social fabric. How many single-parent households struggle along in black communities today compared to the 60’s? What about illegitimacy in the black community compared with the 60’s? What about comparing social and behavioral pathologies of the black community now with the 60’s? What has integration accomplished other than to contribute to the creation of a perpetual underclass? Is it because blacks are racially inferior? No! It serves liberalism’s purpose to have a permanent aggreived minority with which to lay a guilt trip on the rest of society. Schools are resegregating because parents who fear for their children’s safety not to mention their academic progress are fleeing dysfunctional public schools that are set up to perpetuate—dysfunction. Maybe someone should do a statistical study on the number of middle-class black families that are fleeing the dysfunction. Are they sticking around or are they getting out of dodge just like white folks? I’m white, so go ahead and do the knee-jerk thing and call me racist. Continue to perpetuate the dysfunction.
When I went to high school 1978-1982 it was far more segregated than now.
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